Whether a library uses open stacks (allowing readers direct access to the bookshelves) or closed stacks (requiring readers to locate a book in the catalog and rely on staff to retrieve it), staff need to observe readers from time to time to discourage deliberate mutilation or vandalism of library materials.

Mutilation often takes the form of cutting out book leaves or illustrations, sometimes to avoid photocopying charges. Sometimes library materials are deliberately damaged and disfigured for religious or political reasons. And students may remove portions of library materials to restrict the access of other students. Staff need to be vigilant and to encourage readers to report incidents of mutilation. Making photocopying services inexpensive and accessible can often reduce mutilation.